article{osti_, title = {Residual carbon from pulverized coal fired boilers 1: Size distribution and combustion reactivity}, author = {Hurt, R H and Gibbins, J R}, abstractNote = {The amount of residual, or unburned, carbon in fly ash is an important concern in the design and operation of pulverized coalfired boilers. Char oxidation is the slowest step in the coal combustion process ...
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The problem the author sets for himself is to suggest a method that will bring complete and intelligent control of boiler operation, so far as combustion and absorption efficiency are concerned, within the horizon of comprehension and easy execution of the average operating engineer, enabling him to determine heat losses and to separate them into their several components so that he can know ...
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The parameter of relative enrichment factor (REF) is used to reveal the enrichment or partitioning of a target element in coal combustion products of fly ash or bottom ash during the combustion process in boilers (Meij Citation 1994). REF is calculated using Equation Equation (1)
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Coalfired industrial boilers should operate across a wide range of loads and with a higher reduction of pollutant emission in China. In order to achieve these tasks, a physical model including two swirling burners on the front wall and boiler furnace was established for a 35 t/h pulverized coalfired boiler. Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) theory and the commercial software ANSYS ...
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The combustion efficiency increases with increased excess air until the heat loss in the excess air is larger than the heat provided by more efficient combustion. Typical excess air to achieve the highest possible efficiency for some common fuels: 5 10% for natural gas. 5 20% for fuel oil.
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The developed numerical model of the coal combustion process included particle heating, devolatilization, char combustion, as well as turbulent flow and radiative heat transfer. In gas phase combustion process modeling, the mixture fraction approach with PDF was used. ... Based on the model, the MMTLBO is applied to optimize the boiler's ...
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Zhang et al. [15] investigated the combustion characteristics and NO x emissions of bituminous coal on a 300 MW downfired boiler. Bituminous coal as a peak shaving fuel could give rise to higher combustion efficiency and lower NO x emissions compared to anthracite coal. Du et al. [16] proposed a unique combustion method that involved ...
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The window position on the boiler is of course important for a clear view of the combustion process inside. A circular window with a diameter of 10 cm was opened on the boiler. The position of this window is carefully determined. The combustion process was visualized with the aid of a camera positioned approximately 2 cm away from this window.
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In industrial chemistry, coal gasification is the process of producing syngas—a mixture consisting primarily of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H 2), ... Combustion of the product gas in gas boilers is ecologically cleaner than combustion of initial coal. Thus, a plant utilizing gasification technology with the "reversed blowing" is able to ...
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There are two methods of ash removal at furnace bottom: Dry bottom boiler Wet bottom boiler, also called Slag tap The fly ash is carried away with the flue gas and is separated from it into various hoppers along its path, and finally in an ESP or a bag filter. Current technologies
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Combustion air is classified into primary air, secondary air, and overfire air (OFA), and is fed from a primary air fan and a forced draft fan, as indicated by (12) and (13), after being heated by a air preheater (8) before entering a furnace (3) in Figure 1.. The operation data of the coalfired power plant consist of momentary values measured every hour, collected over approximately 6 years.
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Flue gas desulfurization material, a material leftover from the process of reducing sulfur dioxide emissions from a coalfired boiler that can be a wet sludge consisting of calcium sulfite or calcium sulfate or a dry powdered material that is a mixture of sulfites and sulfates. Other types of byproducts are: fluidized bed combustion ash,
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combustion process of various types of coal sorts that have a significant impact on the optimization of the production processes of energy media. An analysis of the processes occurring in boiler devices during the combustion of fuel was carried out, which had a significant impact on the quality of generated heat and electricity.
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Coal combustion processes are the main source of polluting air with solid and gaseous, as well as toxic and nontoxic, combustion products,, hydrocarbons, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, water vapor, and solid particles. The combustion of coal also produces solid combustion products, such as ash and slag.
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In this paper, the combustion process of a 350 MW opposite pulverized coal combustion boiler is studied using a combined field test and numerical simulation. Considering the turbulenceradiation interaction (TRI) effect caused by turbulent particle pulsation during the combustion process, the TRI model is modified by introducing optical factors.
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For combustion in a coalfired boiler, the total air flow rate should be adjusted based on the fuel amount. Therefore, studies should focus on the control strategy of the air demand in a coalfired boiler. ... both minimization of NOx and CO emissions and maximization of thermal efficiency for a simulated combustion process of a boiler; (3 ...
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However, compared with the pulverised coal boiler, the combustion process of CFB boiler is more complicated because of the larger time delay, significant uncertainty and more coupled variables. In this study, a datadriven proportionalintegralderivative (DDPID) control strategy is presented for the combustion control of CFB boiler to ...
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For almost a century, the process of pulverized coal combustion is one of the dominant technologies for generating power in industrial reactors and utility boilers. The industrial reactors have mostly been designed prior to the actual application of computational fluid dynamics techniques. In the present study, the process of coal combustion in an entrained flow reactor is studied by means of ...
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As schematically illustrated in Fig. 1, the studied boiler is a 660 MW walltangentially lignitefired supercritical boiler that produces 1913 t/h superheated steam at BMCR condition, with parameters of and 571℃.The furnace is m, m and m in height, width and depth respectively. In main burners' region (MBR), three groups of pulverized coal burners (PCBs) and air ...
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6 Citations Metrics Abstract This paper presents a developed and validated CFD model of a boiler with the objective of studying a presumed defective actual operating condition, that is, air leakage into the furnace. Three cases were assessed, concerning the amount of air leakage across the boiler water seal.
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This paper takes the 300 MW pulverized coal combustion furnace as the research object and establishes a mathematical model of turbulent combustion of pulverized coal suitable for engineering research. The model is used to simulate the combustion process in the furnace and the generation of smoke and NO X under different boiler loads. The result ...
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A broad overview of the combustion process, including burner types and controls, and heat output and losses. This Module is intended to give a very broad overview of the combustion process, which is an essential component of overall boiler efficiency.
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Coal blending practice will help to achieve the objective of getting enough coal for the boiler with correct quality. Optimizing the coal combustion in power plant will improve its efficiency and lead to reduction of greenhouse gases in the flue gas. ... This paper will discuss the pulverized coal combustion and process involved. Coal blending ...
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Integrated wholeboiler process models are useful in the design of biomass and coalfired boilers, and they can also be used to analyse different scenarios such as low load operation and alternate fuel firing. Whereas CFD models are typically applied to analyse the detail heat transfer phenomena in furnaces, analysis of the integrated wholeboiler performance requires onedimensional ...
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coal utilization, combustion of coal or its conversion into useful solid, gaseous, and liquid products. By far the most important use of coal is in combustion, mainly to provide heat to the boilers of electric power plants. Metallurgical coke is the major product of coal conversion. In addition, techniques for gasifying and liquefying coal into fuels or into feedstocks for the chemical ...
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consumption of fossil fuels, the cocombustion or co firing technology is one of the most promising options for applications with renewable fuels. Cocombustion of solid fossil fuel with biomass benefits in terms of cost and emission reductions. In addition, cocombustion of biomass with coal in conventional coalfired boilers can
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